How Decentralized is the Governance of Blockchain-based Finance
Priorities Extracted from This Source
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Multi-stakeholder governance for AI algorithms and data
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Facilitating public dialogue on human-algorithm interaction
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Addressing AI opacity, asymmetric information, and algorithmic bias
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Promoting human-centered AI and human control
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Creating a DAO (GHAIADAO) as a governance mechanism
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Building an ontology/knowledge base for DAO design and safe implementation
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Designing democratic and resilient DAO voting/governance structures
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Using ORCID-based identity to support governance participation
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Establishing supporting infrastructure for deliberation and document repositories
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Developing economic, legal, and technical foundations before implementation
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DAO governance and decentralization
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Human-algorithm interaction governance
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AI safety, alignment, and existential risk
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Fairness, accountability, transparency, and explainability in AI
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Internet governance and digital infrastructure governance
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Decentralized science and peer review reform
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Privacy and digital identity
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Societal and labor-market impacts of AI
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AI regulation and governance
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Algorithmic transparency and interpretability
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Fairness, bias, and discrimination in algorithmic systems
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Privacy and protection against profiling
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Safety, auditing, and accountability for autonomous/AI systems
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Governance of algorithmic markets, trading, and decentralized finance
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Human-algorithm interaction and human oversight
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algorithmic fairness and bias mitigation
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human-centered and trustworthy AI
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independent oversight, accountability, and ethical governance
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internet and platform governance
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responsible governance of autonomous systems and robotics
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well-being and societal impact assessment of AI
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human-algorithm collaboration and interaction design
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GOVERNANCE OF A DAO FOR FACILITATING DIALOGUE ON
HUMAN-ALGORITHM INTERACTION AND THE IMPACT OF
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES ON SOCIETY
APREPRINT
JuliãoBraga∗ FranciscoRegateiro†
CentrodeMatemática,ComputaçãoeCognição InstitutoSuperiorTécnico
UniversidadeFederaldoABC UniversidadedeLisboa
SantoAndré,SP,BR Lisboa,PT
juliao.braga@ufabc.edu.br francisco.regateiro@tecnico.ulisboa.pt
ItanaStiubiener‡ JulianaCristinaBraga§
CentrodeMatemática,ComputaçãoeCognição CentrodeMatemática,ComputaçãoeCognição
UniversidadeFederaldoABC UniversidadeFederaldoABC
SantoAndré,SP,BR SantoAndré,SP,BR
itana.stiubiener@ufabc.edu.br juliana.braga@ufabc.edu.br
June24,2023
ABSTRACT
Human-algorithm interaction is a crucial issue for humanity in light of the impacts of the recent
releaseofChatGPT3and4,amongothers. Theseadvancedchatbotsprovokedaworldwidedebatein
March/2023,whenamanifestosignedbyseveralstakeholderswaspublishedandwidelydiscussedin
themediaandacademia. Thisworkassumesthathuman-algorithminteractionsareinfluencedbya
contextofdiverseinterestsandperspectives,whichaddshighcomplexitytotheproblem. Therefore,
this work proposes a solution to enable the effective participation of stakeholders from different
domainsandsocietyinaconstructivedialogue,usingdigitalplatformsasamedium. Inspiredbythe
successfulgovernanceoftheInternetinfrastructureecosystem,theproposalinvolvesthecreationof
anAutonomousDecentralizedOrganization(DAO)implementedintheblockchainenvironmentof
theEthereumnetwork. However,beforeimplementingtheDAO,itisnecessarytobuildaknowledge
base,thatis,anontology,whichguidesitsdevelopmentinasafeandadequateway. Apreliminary
versionofthisknowledgebasewasmanuallybuiltusingProtégéwithover4,000axioms.
Keywords internet infrastructure · web3 · ontology · machine learning · blockchain · decentralized computing ·
decentralizedscience
1 Introduction
Thispaperpresentsthefirstresultsofaproposaloutlinedinapreviousarticle. Theproposalinvolvedbrainstormingthe
creationofanenvironmentforteachers,researchers,thinkers,andotherstakeholderstogovernartificialintelligence
(AI)algorithmsanddata[1].
Themainmotivationforproposingthecreationofthisenvironmentwasthecomplexityoftheproblem. Regulatingor
establishingrulesforAIalgorithmdevelopersisahugetaskthatrequiresadebateamongadiversegroupofstakeholders.
∗http://lattes.cnpq.br/7092085044582071
†https://fenix.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/homepage/ist13522
‡http://lattes.cnpq.br/4008970012663480
§http://lattes.cnpq.br/7111526592323456
GovernanceofaDAOforFacilitatingDialogueonHuman-AlgorithmInteractionandtheImpactofEmerging
TechnologiesonSociety APREPRINT
Thisisbecauseitinvolvesethical,social,human,technical,privateandpublicpolicyissues,amongmanyotherareasof
humanknowledge. Moreover,itisalongdebatethatrequiresproperorganizationtoensurethepersistenceofthefacts
producedbyamultitudeofstakeholders,whorepresenthumanityasawhole.
Aproblemofsimilarcomplexitycanbeconsidered: theprotocolsthatensuretheproperfunctioninganddynamic
natureoftheInternetovertime(past,present,andfuture). Thisexamplecomesfromtheecosystemsurroundingthe
InternetEngineeringTaskForce(IETF).Thousandsofstakeholdersmeetinpersonthreetimesayearandcontinueto
workpersistentlythroughemailworkinggroupsfortherestoftheyear. Itisalargeandeffectiveorganizationthat
ensuresthefunctioningoftheInternetasweknowittoday.
TheInternet,withitsundeniableimportancetohumanity,justifiestheexistenceofitsownecosystem[2].Governanceof
AIalgorithmsisamorecomplexissuethantheInternet. RecordsshowthatgovernanceofAIalgorithmsisindeedmore
complexthantheInternetbecauseitinvolvesimplicationsthatarenotonlyoffensivebutalsodeadlytohumanbeings.
Ingeneral,regardlessoftheapplication,thesesystemsareconsideredablackbox,resultinginasymmetricinformation
betweentheirdevelopersandtheirconsumers[3]. Oneofthesaddestexampleshighlightingtheconsequenceofthis
asymmetryisthedesignoftheMCAS5systemontheBoeing737MAX,whichledtotwoaccidentswith346deathsin
October2018(LionAir)andMarch2019(EthiopianAirlines). Whentheangleofattacksensorfailed,thebuilt-in
algorithmsforcedtheplanetoloweritsnose,resistingrepeatedattemptsbyconfusedpilotstoturnthenoseup. Ben
Shneiderman,inhisbookHuman-CenteredAI[4],commentsonthetwoBoeing737MAXcrashesandconsidersthat
thefutureoftheseAIalgorithmsishuman-centered. Theyshouldprimarilybecomesupertoolsthatamplifyhuman
abilitiesandempowerpeopleinremarkablewayswhileensuringhumancontrol. BennamedthesealgorithmsHCAI,
anacronymforthetitleofhisbook.
Therearecountlessotherapplications,bothusingAIandnot,thatbehavedisproportionately. Adetaileddescriptionof
theso-calledalgorithmicbiasescanbefoundinSafiyaNoble’sbook,AlgorithmsofOppression,andinothersources
[5][6][7].
Asymmetricinformation,biases,andotherpertinentissuesareconcerningdevelopers,researchers,andotherinterested
partiesastheytrytofigureoutwhatismissing[8].Perspectivesassociatedwithethics[9][10][11][12][13],regulations
[14][15][16][17][18],governance[19][20][21][22][23][3][24]andmanyotherissues[25][26][27][28][29][30]
[31][32][33]areontheagendaofallstakeholdersinsearchofappropriatealternatives. Forexample,theseissuesare
widelydiscussedinShneiderman’sbookHuman-CenteredAI[4]. Thereisextensiveliteratureonthetopicpresentedin
theunpublishedworkthatgaverisetotheapproachesinthisarticle[1].
IfwehadasstrongamotivationastheInternetdoes,withitsimmenseglobalreach,theIETFmodelwithitsbroad
stakeholderparticipation(asseeninFigure1)couldbeasolutionthatwouldcertainlyaddresstheissuesinvolving
algorithmanddatagovernance.
TherearerecentsignsinAIactivitiesthatsuggestagrowingunderstandingofthetechnologybytheworld’spopulation.
ThisisduetotheimmensesuccessofChatGPT,atoolthatispopularizingAIandexpandingitsprominence. Thishas
occurredatanunimaginablespeeddespiteChatGPT’sownlimitationsinnaturallanguageunderstanding,itsrelianceon
trainingdata,andthepossibilityofbiases. InadditiontoChatGPTandothergenerativeAIs,thereisthefactthatthey
canpropagatebiases. GenerativeAIsareinfluencedbytheirtrainingdata,whichcanleadtobiasedordiscriminatory
responses. Thedangerincreaseswiththepossibilityofthetrainingdatabeinginfluencedduringinteractionwithits
users,i.e.,groupswithulteriormotivescaninfluencethetrainingdata. TherefinementofgenerativeAIsisleadingtoan
expansionoftheircapabilities,includingtheuseofmultimodalresourcessuchasChatGPT-46andDALL-E27. Infact,
thecommunityinvolvedbelievesthataftersuchrecentreleases,weareinforasignificantshiftinAI.BillGates,for
example,reactsthroughaseven-chapterdocumententitled“TheAgeofAIhasbegun”[35]. InChapter7,heconcludes
with“TheAgeofAIisfilledwithopportunitiesandresponsibilities.”OtherconcernscomefromneuroscientistMiguel
Nicolelis. Inhismostrecentbook,“Thetruecreatorofeverything: Howthehumanbrainsculptedtheuniverseaswe
knowit”[36],heexposesinthefinaltwochapterstheseriousrisksthathumanitywillfaceinthecomingyearsasa
resultofourincreasinginteractionanddependenceondigitalsystems. Thisestablishesatruesymbiosisthatcandeeply
affectthebrainthroughthephenomenonofneuralplasticity. Basically,almostcontinuouscoexistencewithcomputers
canaffectthewaythebrainworksand,inthelimit,turnusintomeredigitalzombies. Moreover,onecannotforgetthe
storiesthataretoldagainandagainaboutfamousandrecentgenerativeAIs[37].
ThisworkproposesthecreationofaDAOcalledGHAIADAO8 asanoriginalgovernancemechanism. Todevelop
this proposal, the authors created a knowledge base about DAOs, which is available, including its updates, in a
5AcronymforManoeuvringCharacteristicsAugmentationSystem
6https://openai.com/product/gpt-4
7https://openai.com/product/dall-e-2
8https://ghaia.pt
2
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Figure1: InternetGovernanceEcosystem. Source: [34]
public environment of the Open Science Framework (OSF) [38]. Additionally, this work proposes the creation of
theGHAIADAOtosupportanenvironmentfordebateandregistrationofstakeholderopinionsonissuesinvolving
theregulationofAIalgorithmsanddata,aswellasissuesinvolvinghuman-algorithminteractions. Theseissuesare
widelydiscussedintheCátedraOscarSalaChair9atIEA-USP10,whoseholderisProf. Dr. VirgílioAlmeida(ORCID:
0000-0001-6452-036111).
InadditiontothisIntroductionsection,thispaperdiscussesDAOsandtheirvarietyofgovernanceinSection2. In
Section2.1theknowledgebasebuiltonProtégé,afreeandopen-sourceontologyeditorandframeworkforbuilding
intelligentsystems[39],ispresented. Thissectionalsodisplaysalternativesforusingthisknowledgebase,inparticular,
guidanceontheuseoftheSPARQLlanguageasatoolforontologysearches[40,41]. InSection5,theproposalforthe
creationoftheGHAIADAOispresented,whichincludesanoriginalgovernancemechanism. Section8addressesthe
conclusionsofthisstageoftheworkandrecommendsfutureactivitiestofollow. Finally,thebibliographyisprovided.
2 DAOs
ADecentralizedAutonomousOrganization(DAO)isaformoforganizationbasedonblockchaintechnologythatis
generallygovernedbyitsmembers,whoholdtokens[42]. Tokens,atypeofcryptocurrency(amongothermeanings),
canbeacquiredorreceivedinsomeformbyanyperson. Astheownerofthesetokens,thepersongainstherightto
voteonmattersdirectlyrelatedtothegovernanceoftheDAO.ThegovernancerulesofDAOsarecharacterizedthrough
computerprogramsknownassmartcontracts,whichareexecutedandvalidatedwithintheblockchainoftheEthereum
networkthrougharesourcecalledtheEthereumVirtualMachine(EVM).Thefeaturesofsmartcontracts,suchasa
distributedblockchaindatabase,causetherulesoftheorganizationtobeenforcedbytheverycodethatdefinesthe
DAO,thusmakingitself-governed.
Therefore,DAOsaredifferentfromtraditionalorganizationsbecausetheyareself-governingandfunctionautonomously
inadecentralizedmannerwithouttheneedforintermediaries. Incontrast,traditionalorganizationsaresubjecttorights
andresponsibilitiesdefinedbythelegalsystemoftheenvironmentinwhichtheyoperate.
9https://bit.ly/cos-usp
10http://www.iea.usp.br/
11https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-0361
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2.1 GettingtoknowimplementedDAOsindetailthroughontologies
There are many types and functions performed by DAOs. As of April 2023, approximately 150 DAOs have been
implementedontheEthereumnetwork. Duetothediversityofimplementations,itwasdecidedtocreateaknowledge
base(orontology),referredtoasKB,tounderstandandmaintainpermanentinformationaboutalltheDAOs. Tocreate
thisknowledgebase,theProtégésoftwarewasused[39]. Protégé,developedbyStanfordUniversity12,isafreeand
open-sourceontologyeditorandknowledgemanagementsystem.
Twoontologieswerecreatedusingdifferenttechniques. Bothareavailableinthepublicenvironmentoftheprojecton
theOpenScienceFramework(OSF)[38]. Weseparatedfromthesetwo,theonethatbestrepresentedtheexpected
knowledge. Itwasnameddecom.ttl,andisdetailedinFigure2.
Figure2: Featuresofthedecom.owlontology,with4,004axioms
The.ttlextension,namedTurtle,isasyntaxforexpressingthesetofaxiomsrepresentedinOWLinatextfileandis
appropriatefordisplayontheWeb[43].
Todeveloptheontology,itsscopeinthedomainofDAOswasfirstidentified. Thefigures3,4and5characterizethe
maintermsoftheontologyproposed.
Figure3: Acronymsthatwillappearinthedevelopmentoftheproposedontology.
TheontologyresultingfromthesestudiesisavailableontheGHAIADAOwebsite13.
3 HowtoSearchtheKnowledgeBase
OncetheKBiscompletewithasubstantialnumberofaxioms,themainhumaninterestturnstosearchingtheKB.
Onetoolforthisisthewell-knownSPARQLProtocolandRDFQueryLanguage(SPARQL)[44][45][46]. Protégé
12https://protege.stanford.edu/
13https://ghaia.pt/kb/decom.ttl
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Figure4: OntologytobeimplementedinProtégé.
Figure5: ComplementtotheOntologyinthefigureabove,identifyingthevarioustoolsforcreatingDAOs.
provides facilities for using SPARQL, as does Apache Jena14. In addition to these two examples, DBpedia15 and
Wikidata16providepublicinterfacestoSPARQL,amongmanyothers. InallthetoolsusedexceptProtégé,theURLs
https://ghaia.pt/kb/decom.owlorhttps://ghaia.pt/kb/decom.ttlareusedastheentrypoint.
InProtégé,SPARQLactsontheloadedontology.
14https://jena.apache.org/tutorials/sparql.html
15http://virtuoso.openlinksw.com/dataspace/doc/dav/wiki/Main/VOSSPARQL
16https://w.wiki/rL
5
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Protégéoffersotherresourcestosearchtheontologyproducedthroughit. Forexample,theOntoGraphprovidesimages
suchastheoneshowninFigure6.
Figure6: GraphicalviewofknowledgebaseDAOs
4 AnAIAlgorithmsandtheirbiases
TheCatedraOscarSalafocusedon“Algorithms,artificialintelligence(AI),robotsandmachinesoperatedbyalgorithms
thatincreasinglymediateoursocial,cultural,economicandpoliticalinteractions”initsHuman-AlgorithmInteractions
Project.
FortheCatedra17,"therearethreebasicmotivationsfortheproposedfocusoftheCatedraOscarSalain2022/23:
1. Therearemanydifferenttypesofalgorithmsinoperationthatplayanincreasingroleinsocietyandinthe
dailyactivitiesofcitizens.
2. Thecomplexityofalgorithmsandsystemsintegratingmultiplealgorithmsisincreasingrapidly. Newmodels
andmassiveamountsofdatamakethesealgorithmsandsystemsopaque,makingitverydifficulttounderstand
theirbehavior.
3. Understandingthesocial,political,andeconomicimpacts,whetherpositiveornegative,isaresearchchallenge.
Prof. Virgilioanticipatedaglobalconcernoveropaquealgorithms,mostlythoseofAI.Thishasproventobeanissue
of high priority for humanity, culminating very recently with a manifesto produced by the Future of Life Institute
regardingconcernsoverChatGPT(ChatGenerativePre-trainedTransformer)[47]. Themanifestoproposesasix-month
moratoriumontrainingitandothersimilaralgorithms,especiallythoseusinglargelanguagemodels[48].
Books,scientificpapers,newspaperarticles,andmanyotherformsofexpressionhavelaidouttheiropinions,concerns,
andrecommendationstocountertheunregulatedinvasionofalgorithmswithbiasesofallkinds. Therehavebeen
seriousoffensesandevencriminaloffenses.However,thetextsbeforethemanifestodescribedinthepreviousparagraph
wereintense.
Inadditiontotheabovedocuments,manyothers,especiallyrecentoneswiththeirreferences,addressthesameissue
[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61].
TheproposaloftheCatedraOscarSalaforactivitiesfortheyear2022/2023showeditsimmenseacademicdiversity. In
theopinionoftheauthors,itisasubjectofquitehighcomplexitydeservingspecialattentionandcontinuousdebatewith
theparticipationofalargenumberofstakeholders. Anadequateformofgovernance,copyingtheproposalimplemented
intheIETFbytheInternetSociety(ISOC),issuggested.
17https://bit.ly/cosvirgilioalmeida
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Therefore,basedonISOC’sconcernsabouttheecosystemthatgovernstheInternet,theauthorsproposethecreationof
aDAOnamedGHAIADAO,whichispresentedinthefollowingsections.
5 GHAIADAOConstitution
OneofthemainconcernsofaDAOisitsgovernance,whichmustbeefficientanddemocratic[62][63]. ThefirstDAOs
setouttoadmitthattheirgovernancewasdonebytheirmembers,whoheldthetokens. ADAOmemberwouldhave
anumberofvotesequivalenttothenumberoftokenstheyowned. Astimewenton,itbecameapparentthatthose
interestedincontrollingthevotesandinducingthegovernancetoworkthewaytheywantedcouldeasilydothisby
buyingenoughtokens. Thisbegantohappen,andsuchparticipantswerecalledwhales.
Inanattempttoimprovethegovernanceprocess,avotingschemewasusedinwhicheachparticipantwouldhaveone
vote. Thewhaleswereunrelentingandcreatedphantomparticipantsorusedproxiestoincreasetheirparticipation
power. Anewschemewasadopted,theso-calledquadraticscheme,ensuringthatvotingwouldbedecentralized[64].
Inthisproposal,votingcontinuespermember,buteachmemberreceivesanumberofvotesequaltotwicethenumber
oftheirtokens,whichcanadditionallybeusedinvoting. SupposethatmemberAhas5tokensandmemberBhas
10tokens. Then,Awillhave10votesthattheycanuse5ascreditstovoteononeproposaland5creditstovoteon
anotherproposal. MemberBwillhave20votesandcanuse10creditsforoneproposaland10creditsforanother
proposal. Thememberwhohasmoretokenscanspendtheirvotesonaproposal,butiftheothermemberhasmore
memberssupportingtheirproposal,theycanwinthevote. Quadraticvotingallowsusersto“pay”foradditionalvotes
onagivenproposaltomorestronglyexpresstheirsupportforcertainissues. Thisresultsinvotingoutcomesaligned
withthehighestwillingnesstoparticipate(orpay),ratherthanjusttheoutcomepreferredbythemajority,regardlessof
theintensityofindividualpreferences. ThisquestionaboutdemocracyexercisedinaDAOleadstothefundamental
dilemmasofsocietieswiththeirparadoxesandbehavioroftheindividualswhoconstitutethem,particularlyinthose
wholiveinsocietiesinwhichdemocraticinstitutionsfunction[65].
OtherDAOs,adoptingoneoftheabovecriteria,establishaGovernanceCouncilthatwilllookaftertheirgovernance
forapreviouslyagreedperiod.
6 TheGHAIADAO
DeSci(DecentralizedScience)isarecentmovementthataimstousenewtechnologies,suchasblockchainortheWeb3
environment18,toaddresssomeoftheproblematicpointsofscientificresearch,silos,andbottlenecks. Itisanopen
andglobalalternativetothemodernscientificsystemthatfacesmanychallenges. Itextendstheideaofopenscience,
allowingscientiststoraisefunds,shareexperimentaldata,andgetideas. Oneofthemostinterestingexamplesisthatof
aDeScitotailorpeerreview[66][67][66][68][69][70].
TheGHAIADAOisaDeSciandwilluseORCIDIDforitsgovernance,whichisdescribedinthefollowingsection.
6.1 ORCID
ORCIDstandsforOpenResearcherandContributorIDandisaglobal,non-profit,fee-supportedorganizationofits
memberorganizations. TheyformacommunitybuiltandgovernedbyaBoardofDirectorsrepresentativeofmembers
withbroadstakeholderrepresentation[71].
TheORCIDIDisaunique,persistent,freeidentifierforindividualstousewhileengaginginresearch,scholarship,and
innovationactivities. ORCIDoffersasetofApplicationProgrammingInterfaces(APIs).
AsofearlyApril2023,thestatisticsofORCID19indicatedsomethinglikeninemillionfourhundredandtenresearchers
enrolled,spreadacross56countries. Brazilwasthethirdcountrywiththemostregistrants(361,900),aftertheUnited
States(794,493)andChina(412,925).
6.2 TheGovernanceoftheGHAIADAO
Whenimplemented,theGHAIADAOwillbeaDeScithatprovidesamulti-disciplinarydiscussionenvironmentamong
stakeholdersintheissuessurroundingalgorithmichumaninteraction. Itwillfollow, inpart, theIETFandIRTF20
(InternetResearchTaskForce)discussionmodel. ThefollowingruleswillmodeltheGHAIADAO:
18Notaveryacceptablegenericnamegiventotheblockchain
19https://info.orcid.org/orcid-statistics/
20https://irtf.org
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1. Itwillhavetwotypesoftokens: ORandNOR,bothinitiallywithavalueofone(1)USD.
2. Itsmemberswillbeoftwotypes: thosewhohaveanORCIDandthosewithoutanORCID.
3. StakeholderswithanORCIDwillreceive1ORfreeofcharge. TheORisequivalentto1NOR,whichonthe
implementationdateoftheGAIADAOwillbeequivalenttoone(1)USD.StakeholderswithoutanORCID
needtopurchaseNORsatmarketvaluetobecomemembers.
4. OneORisequivalenttooneNOR.ORsarenottradable,butNORsarefreelytradable.
5. TheholderofanORwillbeentitledtoreceiveaNORtwenty-one(21)monthsafterhavingreceivedtheOR
withoutlosingtherighttovote.
6. TheGHAIADAOtreasurymusthavecollateralequivalenttothevalueofthenumberofNORsdistributedin
ORs. Inotherwords,youcannotdistributeanORwithouthavingtheequivalentcollateralintheGHAIADAO
treasury.
7. ParticipantsholdinganORcanvoteandcanbevotedforatwenty-one(21)memberboard,whichwillhandle
thegovernanceoftheGHAIADAO.
8. ParticipantswhodonotholdanOR,thatis,donothaveanORCID,donothavevotingrightsbutcanbevoted
for.
9. ParticipantswithanORalsovotefortheControlCouncil,consistingofseven(7)memberswhosepurposeis
toensurethattherearenoexcessesonthepartoftheGovernanceCouncil. SeeFigure7.
10. Outsidetheblockchain,theGovernanceBoard,throughTechnicalSupport,willmaintainemaillistsequivalent
totheIETF/IRTFworkinggroups(WGs21)andothersimilaritiestomakeeffectivedebatearoundHuman-
AlgorithmInteractions.
11. The GHAIA DAO Internet environment should host a repository of documents equivalent to IETF RFCs
(RequestforComments)thatwillbedevelopedbyitsmembers.
12. Otherrulesrelatedtothesocialandethicalbehaviorofbothparticipantsshouldbedefined.
13. Technical and Operational Support is composed of technical, administrative and other personnel who are
adequatelyremunerated.
Figure7displaystheproposedgovernancefortheGHAIADAO.
This figure abstracts from implementation details on the Ethereum network and the Internet resources outside the
blockchainthatarenecessarytomeetthegoalsoftheGHAIADAO.
7 RelatedLiterature
Table1referencestheliteratureusedtounderstandthemechanismofalgorithmanddatagovernanceandallowsfora
comparisonoftherecommendedproposals. Mostofthesereferenceswereoriginallycollectedintheproposalprepared
asarequirementofthepreliminaryphaseoftheOscarSalaChairandnotpublished[1].
Thereferencesareclassifiedintosevencategoriesandarenotexhaustiveinthelistpresentedinthisproposal:
(a). Internet: TheseincludereferencesthataddressthetopicofInternetgovernance.
(b). Algorithms: ThesearereferencesthatdisplayAIalgorithmsinvariousapplicationareas.
(c). DAO:ReferencesthataddressDAOsandtherespectivetechniquesonwhichtheyarebuilt(blockchainand
cryptocurrencies).
(d). Economics: Referencesthataddressissuesrelatedtotheeconomicsofalgorithmsandtheirenvironments.
(e). Others: A set of references that describe the involvement of AI algorithms in subjects such as Bots,
Discrimination,SoftwareEngineering,AI,Games,Robotics,andSecurity.
(f). RLiterature: Literaturereviewpapers,includingsystematicreviews.
(g). Social: Papersthatreferencethesocial,ethical,andphilosophicalaspectsofalgorithms.
21WorkGroups
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Figure7: GHAIADAO’sproposedgovernancestructure
8 Conclusionsandfuturework
ThereismuchworktobedonetosetuptheGHAIADAO.Thecurrentunavailabilityofresourceshaspreventedthe
implementationoftheGHAIADAO,butitisconsideredamomentaryhindrance. TheKBofDAOsprovedtobean
appropriatesolutionforlearningaboutDAOswhilesimplifyingtheirpresentation.
Inthefuture,thefollowingtaskswereconsideredmandatory:
i. ORCIDshouldbeinformedoftheintentionstousetheORCIDIDtoidentifyfuturevotingmembersofthe
GHAIADAO.
ii. The economic model of the GHAIA DAO’s operating structure must be formally constructed prior to its
establishment.Thismodel,amongmanyotheroutcomes,mustestimatethesafecollateralforitsinitiation.The
baseparameterforthisformulationatthebeginningofApril2023isthe9,410,000researchersregisteredin
ORCID,plusthecostsinvolvedinmaintainingTechnicalandOperationalSupport.Itishopedthatstakeholders
intheprojectcandeveloppapersinthisdirection.
iii. AftertheeconomicmodelhasbeendefinedandalltheoperatingrulesfortheDAOhavebeenestablished,one
ormoresmartcontractswillbedevelopedtoensuretheself-governanceoftheGHAIADAO.
iv. DAOsarenotyetregulatedinmanycountries, whichcancreatelegaluncertainty. Interestedpartieswith
expertiseinlaw,particularlyinternationallaw,shouldstudythisissue.
v. TheontologycreatedusingProtégéandstoredindecom.ttlmustbeevaluated,checked,andcomparedwith
othersimilarontologiestoensureitsvalidity. However,themanualprocessofbuildinganontologycanbe
time-consumingandexhausting,andmaynotalwaysproduceaccurateresults. Assuch,itisrecommendedto
usesemi-automatictechniquesthatinvolveacombinationofmanualinputandautomatedprocessestodevelop
andupdatetheontology. Thesetechniques,whichareconstantlybeingimproved,generallyinvolvetheuseof
deeplearningandtextcapturefromtheweb[462,463,464,465].
vi. AtextdetailingtheuseofSPARQLoverthetwobasesshouldbedevelopedintutorialformtospreadthework
developedandusefulfortheinterestedcommunity.
vii. AcompanionpaperpresentingthegraphicsproducedextensivelybyProtégéisavailableattheOSFofthe
project22.
22https://bit.ly/daoKBinGraphics
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Table1: Primaryandsecondarystudies. bysubject
# References Classification
1. [72],[73],[74],[75],[76],[77],[78],[79],[80],[81],[82],[83],[84],[85],[86] Internet
2. [87],[88],[89],[90],[91],[92],[93],[94],[95],[96],[97],[98],[99],[100],[101],[102]
3. [103],[104],[105],[106],[107],[108],[109],[110],[111],[112],[113],[114],[115]
4. [116],[117],[118],[119],[120],[121],[122],[123],[124],[125].[126],[127],[128]
5. [129],[130],[131],[132],[133],[134],[135],[136],[137],[138],[139],[140],[141]
6. [142],[143],[144],[145],[146],[147],[148],[149],[150],[151][152],[153],[154] Algorithms
7. [155],[156],[157],[158],[159],[160],[161],[162],[163],[164][165],[166],[167]
8. [168],[169],[170],[171],[172],[173],[174],[175],[176],[177],[178],[179],[180]
9. [181],[182],[183],[184],[185],[186],[187],[188],[189],[190],[191],[192],[193]
10. [194],[195],[196],[197],[198],[199],[200],[201],[202],[203],[204],[205],[206]
11. [207],[208],[209],[210],[211],[212],[213],[214],[215],[216],[217],[218],[219]
12. [220],[221],[222],[223],[224],[225],[226],[227],[228],[229]
13. [230],[231],[232],[233],[234],[235],[236],[237],[238],[239],[240],[241],[242]
DAO
14. [243],[244],[245],[246],[247]
15. [248],[249],[250],[251],[252],[253],[254],[255],[256],[257],[258],[259],[260]
16. [261],[262],[263],[264],[265],[266],[267],[268],[269],[270],[271],[272],[273] Economics
17. [274],[275],[276],[277],[278],[279]
18. [280],[281],[282],[283],[284],[285],[286],[287],[288],[289],[290],[291],[292]
19. [293],[294],[295],[296],[297],[298],[299],[300],[301],[302],[303],[304],[305]
20. [306],[307],[308],[309],[310],[311],[312],[313],[314],[315],[316],[317],[318] Others
21. [319],[320],[321],[322],[323],[324],[325],[326],[327],[328],[329],[330],[331]
22. [332],[333],[334],[335],[336],[337],[338],[339]
23. [340],[341],[342],[343],[344],[345],[346],[347],[348],[349],[350],[351],[352]
24. [353],[354],[355],[356],[357],[358],[359],[360],[361],[362],[363],[364],[365]
25. [366],[367],[368],[369],[370],[371],[372],[373],[374],[375],[376],[377],[378]
26. [379],[380],[381],[382],[383],[384],[385],[386],[387],[388],[389],[390],[391]
Governance
27. [392],[393],[394],[395],[396],[397],[398],[399],[400],[401],[402],[403],[404]
28. [405],[406],[407],[408],[409],[410],[411],[412],[413],[414],[415],[416],[417]
29. [418],[419],[420],[421],[422],[423],[424],[425],[426],[427],[428],[429],[430]
30. [431],[432],[433]
31. [434],[435],[436],[437] RLiterature
32. [438],[439],[440],[441],[442],[443],[444],[445],[446],[447],[448],[449],[450]
Social
33. [451],[452],[453],[454],[455],[456],[457],[458],[459][460],[461]
viii. Forthesuccessoftheproject,itisappropriatetohaveanunlimitedpresenceofstakeholdersfromthemost
variedandimmenseareasofknowledge,includingsocietyingeneral.
ix. ItisexpectedthattheDAOwillhostinterestedpartiesinextendinghuman-algorithminteractionstothecontext
ofalldigitalplatforms.
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